The Art of Great Wall

The Great Wall of China, one of the world’s wonders and one of the greatest engineering projects in the history of the humankind is surrounded by myths and controversy which attract researchers and tourists all over the world. Preserved since ancient times, the Great Wall of China consists of scattered fragments which were built as the fortification lines but losing their defense value, are recognized as a historical and cultural relic.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Art of Great Wall specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Separate fragments of the Great Wall of China are more than 2, 000 years and the history of their creation is lost in centuries, giving rise to numerous myths and legends as well as debates of the historians. The construction of the first parts is dated back to the Warring States Period. The conventional view on the creation of the first fragments is that these fortifications lin es were the product of the struggle between Chinese farmers and nomadic horsemen at the end of the Warring States Period around 200 BC. However, there are scholars who oppose this traditional approach, viewing the history of this colossal project from a fresh perspective. For example, Nicola Di Cosmo considered the wish of Chinese governments to expand into the neighboring territories as the main precondition for intensifying the fortifications and building the walls. â€Å"Di Cosmo has pointed to an important shift in Chinese military strategy during the Warring States Period† (Slavicek, Mitchell, and Matray 20). Later, Quin Shi Huang who was the first emperor of the Quin Dynasty, managed to overcome his competitors and to unite China into a single empire. He is known for a number of political and economic reforms aimed at transforming the old China and strengthening the empire. Quin Shi Huang joined the parts of the Wall and extended it to a total length of 5, 000 kilometer s for the purpose of creating a formidable defense line in the north, destroying the old inner defensive systems such as the complexes of walls and watchtowers. â€Å"The giant wall would not only serve as protection against invading nomads but also stand as a symbol of the Chinese emperor’s great power† (Richardson 10). Only scattered parts of the original construction have survived till the modern times, and the precise length of Huang Di’s Wall is unknown. The majority of modern scholars believe that the Great Wall of that period was not less than 1, 500 miles as compared to 3, 889 miles of the present day construction (Slavicek, Mitchell, and Matray 26). That project of the Qin dynasty is defined as the First Great Wall, and the following projects of the Second Great Wall by Han Dynasty, the Third Great Wall by Jin Dynasty and the Final Great Wall by Ming Dynasty contributed to the original construction.Advertising Looking for research paper on art? Let 's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At present, the Wall is not used as a defensive barrier. â€Å"The Great Wall completely lost its purpose, both as a military defense line and as a national boundary† (Slavicek, Mitchell, and Matray 4). The last battle took place at the wall in 1938 and since then it has been damaged by the sun and wind. Within the previous century, a significant part of the wall was robbed by the local inhabitants who used the rocks and stone for building their houses. The government used the materials of the Wall for more ambitious projects and ruined it for building the highways and enlarging the cities. It was only in 1984 that the President Deng Xiaoping started the restoration of the Wall, recognizing its cultural and symbolic value for China and its people (Evans 8). Initially built as a fortification line, the ancient Great Wall of China has lost its defense value and became a historical and cultural reli c of the country. The numerous myths surrounding the history of construction of the Great Wall are preconditioned with the remoteness of the date of its origin and the lack of knowledge of the Chinese citizens concerning the history and the purpose of creating the fortification line. As an important historical relic and cultural symbol, this colossal construction attracted attention of historians, archeologists and artists all over the world. The first well-known associated with the Wall says that one million of people were buried in the wall for making it stronger. â€Å"To date, however, no bones, human or otherwise, have ever been found in the wall, nor are there official records that humans, alive or dead, were deliberately or accidentally buried in the wall† (Evans 11). This myth was reflected in Chinese poems and fairy tales, but can be explained as the misinterpretation of the claim that millions of people died because they worked hard on the project of the Wall. Anoth er widely spread myth is that the mortar used in the Wall was made of crushed human bones. However, there is evidence that the Ming dynasty used rice as a bounding element for the wall and confiscated it from the south population for completing the project. The majority of these terrifying myths are rooted in the draconian methods of exploitation of the workers which were implemented by the Chinese emperors for completing the colossal building project. Like many other military constructions, the Great Wall of China was innovative for its time and required combination of innovative architectural designs and defense measures along with hard labor of millions of Chinese citizens, the whole garrisons of soldiers and prisoners. Though the Great Wall consists of scattered fragments built in different periods of time and projected by different people, the features of ancient Chinese architectural style can be found in it. There are five major types of construction and materials which were used in the construction of this ancient fortification line, namely stone, brick, rammed earth, adobe and cliff.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Art of Great Wall specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rammed earth is the oldest type of construction which presupposed combination of wooden planks, clay and layers of earth. The samples of this construction can still be found in the present day Wall. Adobe walls were erected mostly in dry regions because the adobe bricks had to be dried in the sun after cementation. Though these walls could be easily eroded by rains, the accessibility and cheapness of the required materials were their advantages. Cliff walls construction means that the natural cliffs have been incorporated into the construction of the Great Wall. The stone walls have been popular among the Chinese builders for several millennia and were used mainly in the mountainous regions because of the a vailability of the necessary materials. The brick walls were used by the Ming dynasty and could be easily transported and modified. As a historical relic preserved since ancient times, the Great Wall of China can be regarded as storage of ancient Chinese culture and wisdom. The samples of rock art on the Wall are of great interest for historians and sociologists because they can tell much about the life of people and their system of beliefs. The architectural methods, military designs and constructions were really progressive for their time, making this project one of the recognized world’s wonders, a part of UNESCO’s cultural heritage and an important historical site. Disregarding all the myths and controversy surrounding the history of the construction of the Wall, its remains one of the greatest architectural projects in the history of the humankind and its art value is undeniable. The Chinese people are proud of the Great Wall and consider at least one visit to thi s important historical hub as their moral duty. As one of the colossal architectural projects, the construction of the Wall required sacrificing materials and human resources. Along with the lack of historical evidence from the times of its construction, the draconian methods used by the emperors for building the Great Wall of China give rise to numerous myths and scientific debates, however, not diminishing its historical and cultural value. Works Cited Evans, Thammy. Great Wall of China: Beijing and Northern China. Guilford: Globe Pequot Press. 2006. Print. Richardson, Adele. Great Wall of China. Mankato: Creative Education. 2006. Print.Advertising Looking for research paper on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Slavicek, Louise, George Mitchell, and James Matray. The Great Wall of China. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers. 2005. Print. This research paper on The Art of Great Wall was written and submitted by user Jenny C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Marketing and HR Order ID.

Marketing and HR Order ID. Customer service is very important in any business as it determines the success of the business. It refers to the various services and support provided to the customers before they make a purchase decision, while they are buying products and after the purchase has been made (Zemke, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing and HR Order ID. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, customer service recognizes that the two types of customers can be grouped into internal customers and external customers. Internal customers include the employees within the organization who can also buy the products while external customers are the outsiders who buy from the organization. In starting up a new coffee shop that is Wi-Fi accessible, it enables managers to transfer data from one location to the other branches. Given that there are 3 locations within a 50-mile radius, it may be difficult for the managers to travel from one point to the other in order to perform their activities. To do this effectively, the management model to be adopted for the coffee shop is the participative approach to decision making. The customers should be treated well in order for them to continue buying coffee from the shop. A participative management approach refers to the process of management that involves the employees to participate in the decision making process of the organization. It is the best approach to be used in this situation because customer service is more important to the business. The employees do not need to be left behind in the decisions made, because they are the ones who serve the customers and therefore can greatly contribute ideas in the decision making process. For example, they know the tastes and preferences of customers, the customer needs and some of the complaints made by customers on the products and services provided. The management may not have any idea on such crucial matters. The way em ployees are being treated will be reflected in the way they also serve the customers. The participative approach allows the employees to accept all decisions made by the management as they were involved in the making of the decisions. It is very rare to find any kind of resistance on decisions made. This enables them to be motivated in serving the customers (Maslow, 1954). Once the employees feel that they are valued as they participate in the decision making process, they also work hard to maintain their jobs and serve the customers in a good way. Empowerment enables the employees to make some necessary decisions by themselves in the various problems that customers may be facing. For example, a customer may request for a small discount and the employee can decide to offer the discount.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Given the various locations of the business, th e management can allow the employees from the various locations to always communicate through the Wi-Fi before making any important decisions (Hamel, 2009). Once the management acknowledges their suggestions, it can use the Wi-Fi to inform them on what to do next. Every store requires about 10 employees. This may be very costly for the coffee shop if managers for every store were to be employed. Inputs and feedbacks can be provided over the Wi-Fi on any requirements for additions in the store as long as the Wi-Fi is accessible to all locations. The information exchanged can then be used to make decisions which should be communicated to the employees. However, the participative approach may not encourage some employees who may feel that their views have not been considered. For the coffee shop, a participative approach can reduce the controlling costs and also ensure excellent customers service, which is the main objective of the new business. References Hamel, G. (2009).The future o f management. Washington, DC: Harvard University Press. Maslow, A. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York, NY: Harper. Zemke, R. (2006). Best practices in customer service. New York, NY: Pearson.

A Critique Of Inside The Brain Essay

, Research Paper A review of the book: Inside The Brain The first thing that must be said for the book Inside The Brain, is that it made for really easy reading. Even though the book concerns itself with some subjects that, easy, can be confounding due to their proficient or medical nature, the text flows easy. The book was written to be read, non to be a mention or text edition. The content of this well written book was besides first rate. The beginnings quoted in the book were rather impressive, and the research that went into the undertaking was seemingly rather thorough as good. There is information contained in this book that should be had by all. If all prospective parents were to be given a transcript of this book, and if they were to really read it, the hereafter of our state, and our universe for that affair, would be a much brighter one. Some of the points made, including the demand for kids to be stimulated mentally get downing at an early age, are important. Armed with this information, any parent would be probably to pass more clip with their kids in an attempt to guarantee their ultimate success in life. It is a parent # 8217 ; s duty and duty to supply their kids with the strongest mental armament available in order to come in the rational battleground that will be their hereafter. Those who are non decently intellectually prepared for life will fall to the underside of the socioeconomic strata. They will populate a life of discord including deficient instruction, deficient wellness, substandard wealth, and substandard kids. This will perpetuate a rhythm of this type of individual from coevals to coevals. The writer of the book seems to concentrate on the immediateness of the job through the usage of some really startling statistics. His deduction is that if something is non done to do parents better at the ma nner they prepare their kids for the hereafter, we, as a society, will necessitate to be constructing many more prisons in order to manage the overpowering sum of social misfits that we will be bring forthing. The book does travel on to supply some hope for tomorrow every bit good as fright. The latter chapters focus more on the organic structure # 8217 ; s abilities to mend and mend the encephalon and head. Much attending is given to possible interventions and therapies for those enduring from enfeebling hurts and diseases. Along with explicating how the encephalon and associated tissue can mend themselves, many new avenues of intervention are discussed. Again these issues can be, due to their really proficient and scientific nature, really obfuscated with tech nical slang. Kotulak does an first-class occupation of avoiding these booby traps and delivers the intended information with every bit small immaterial proficient slang and academic prose as possible. He does non exclude necessary information, but instead he explains briefly and compactly what is being referenced. This once more makes the book educational piece at the same clip makes it an gratifying book to read. The lone defects that gave a sense of uncertainty to the content of the book can non be attributed to the writer but to some of his beginnings. Many of his beginnings, while being quoted, appeared to be back-pedaling from their finds. After any mentions to a specific racial group or ethnicity, in footings of correlational informations, were made, the quoted person seemed to add a statement intended to further a feeling of political rightness. This seems incorrect from a scientific position. When a scientist completes a survey, the informations can talk for itself. Equally long as the methods used for the survey are clearly outlined, the scientist should experience no duty to explicate the consequences of his survey in footings of political rightness. It is possible that these statements were made in order to forestall any feeling of animus from being directed toward the scientific community by any one ethnic or racial group. Other than this one spot of take awaying information, the book itself was great. Tax dollars would be good spent by supplying a transcript of this book to every citizen of the state. Baring that, it should be made standard issue to all parents taking their neonates place from the infirmary. A few hours spent reading this book, could assist parents raise a kid who could transcend all outlooks. The information contained in this book implies that a kid # 8217 ; s hereafter mentality is non predicated by his parents # 8217 ; familial make-up. A kid could excel the successes of his parents if his parents give him the right start in life. After all, is it non the dream of all parents to do their kid # 8217 ; s life better than their ain, in every bit many ways as possible. The book besides offers hope to the many victims of encephalon hurts and their households. Stoping short of denoting a remedy for these medical catastrophes, the writer offers hope in the signifier of many new discoveries in the countries of pharmacotherapies and encephalon imagination. The ultimate feeling that the writer of this book leaves his readers with is a sense of hopefulness, and if one accepts some of the premises of this book, everyone who reads it is, to some extent, better off merely for holding read it and holding exercised their head.

History of ECON 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of ECON 4 - Essay Example Social wealth comes from the production of economic goods in a capitalist economy (Heilbroner, 168). Organization of economic activities leads to division of labor among individuals. The division of labor and the economic organization meets the material needs of the society, which creates social wealth. Max argues that production is done for producing exchange value, but the benefits do not last. Max argues that capitalist economies buy labor with money because production is an important part of the development. Labor power is a special kind of commodity because it involves the special kind of abilities of human beings. Labor is a special kind of commodity because individuals should be willing to sell their labor power. Max argues that individuals and employers should meet in the marketplace as equals. Employers should be able to put his employees in the position of a buyer’s disposal. It indicates that the laborer distances him or her from labor to be able to claim rights it rights. Labor is a special kind of commodity because individuals should not sell the labor he has created (Heilbroner, 169). The individual should sell the labor power because they do not own the means of production. Max argues that some people own the money while some individuals own labor power. It is the reason labor power is a special kind of commodity. Labor power exists in the capacity of a living person. According to Karl Max, interpretation of the increase in the population is in the context of a capitalistic fiscal system. He argues that a capitalist takes a huge role in the economic sense. He feels that offer capitalist labor relative trivial share of labor productivity. Capitalist introduce more machinery in the society to increase the value of surplus of labor efficiency. According to Max introduction of machinery, creates a surplus of individuals due to lack of jobs to create balance in the economy (Heilbroner, 170). The population is a result

Project Proposal ONLY Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Project Proposal ONLY - Assignment Example In the current decade, the company has been subjected to global financial risks, alterations in the leadership folio of the company as well as the changing demands and preferences of the customers worldwide. Maintaining balance between its quality management dimensions, its quantity dealings and environmental concerns were a major challenges to Ford’s leaders (Mourdoukoutas, 2015; Wolde, 2015). It was to survive these challenges that the company began inculcating computer information system in its automobiles, which were intended to help drivers to be in contact even when travelling, without compromising their safety needs. However, with a recent upsurge in the frequency of hacking and the number of hackers, many in the industry are forecasting privacy issues that might also affect Ford’s brand image (CNN, 2014). This validates the problem to range from the innovation sphere of the company to its sustainability management dimension, offering a wide scope of the research . As apparent from the stated facts regarding the computer information related problem faced by Ford in dealing with the current needs of the global world, the selected organization offers a wide scope of research. Expectedly, the research to be conducted with consideration to Ford shall help to understand the challenges that any other innovative companies may face to function profitably and sustain in the aggressively competitive market, especially when incorporating computing devices. This research will emphasize the effective integration of company reports published by Ford, within the recent years. News articles will also be used to obtain factual data of the subject matter. In addition, to guide the arguments with strong theoretical and tested methods, the research will also value case studies and past scholarly researches relevant to the problem

Iago’s Soliloquies and Intentions Essay -- William Shakespeare, Othell

Iago’s Soliloquies and Intentions In every play, there is at least one character that jumps off the page and begs for your attention. In The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare, this character is Iago. Iago is a devious man, a liar, a manipulator, and a psychopath. It seems Shakespeare developed a very maniacal character but not one that is unreal. I feel as though we have our fair share of Iago’s in today’s society. Many politicians seem to fit into this category, manipulating people for manipulation sake. However, to me the most interesting psychopath of all, is in the play Othello. In this play, Iago is Othello’s trusted ensign. However, Iago is not what he portrays himself to be, to the characters in the play. In his soliloquies, he exclusively reveals to the audience his mal intent. He betrays Othello in the most deceitful ways, abusing Othello’s trust. Plotting against him, Iago seeks revenge on an unknowing Othello. One would conclude that Iago would have motive behind his ruthless and elaborate plans. However, it seems that Iago committed these amoral crimes, for power, for psychopathic reasons, and for sport. He has displayed his power over Othello by proving to himself, that he could in fact exploit those around him, distorting what they believe to be true. We will look into Iago’s soliloquies, dissect them, and discover his plans. Iago, the obvious villain in this love story gone array. Shows us his true colors from the beginning of the play. In act one scene one, Iago is speaking with Roderigo, he confides in Roderigo telling him â€Å"I know my price; I am worth no worse a place†. Here Iago is holding himself in high regard in an exceedingly conceited manner. He ... ...ful newly wed couple and destroyed them. In some respect, you have to admire how truly devious Iago is. He takes the innocent Desdemona and making her look so guilty when she did absolute nothing wrong. He successfully convinced Othello that Desdemona was unfaithful to him, so much so that Othello kills his innocent wife. Iago receives his title of lieutenant if only for a moment, and his revenge against Othello. Iago throughout the play uses his manipulation of words to destroy those around him. In the end, his plan was unveiled, however it was too late the deeds were done. Iago has the last laugh, his gift of language he keeps to himself "Demand me nothing. What you know, you know. From this time forth I never will speak word". He laughs knowing that he will never give the others the satisfaction of knowing why he did this. Evil is triumphant at the end of Othello.

A Taste of Honey How does Shelagh Delaney present the changing factors of Jo’s character? Essay

In this essay I am going to be looking at the play a taste of honey and looking at the factors of Jo’s character. This play was written in 1956 the writer Shelagh Delaney was only a teenager when she wrote this play Helen and Jo are mother and daughter and they live in tatty flats. Helen meets a man named peter and they get married. Helen leaves goes to live with peter. Jo meets a boy who is in the navy. They spend Christmas together Jo gets pregnant and the boy leaves. Jo meets another boy called Geof and they set up home together. Geof is bisexual. Helens marriage breaks up because peter goes off with a younger woman. Helen comes back to and moves back in and get rid of Geof and he leaves and then it is mother and daughter again In the play Jo is the main character as she is always present in the play. In the play Jo meets Jimmy who is the father of her child and she also meets Geof who is bisexual and they have a relationship, Jo also has relationships with her mother Helen. Jo and Helen doesn’t get on well with each other and Helen leaves Jo at home when she goes out in the play a lot happens too Jo her mother leaves she gets pregnant, she lives with a bisexual and her mother returns Thought out the play Jo’s character changes at the start Jo is critical as she says to her mother â€Å"your knocking them back worse than ever† she is capital and organised as she says â€Å"I hate to see an un-shaded electrical light bulb I will put my scarf around it†, â€Å"im not just talented im jeanious† When Jo meets peter her character changes she becomes as she says â€Å"she’s jealous† she says this because she is jealous of her mother. Jo becomes quarrelsome when she says â€Å"I can’t bear to see me being affectionate with anyone† Jo also becomes annoying. When her mother Helen leaves Jo becomes resentful of her mother as she says â€Å"you don’t half knock them back these days† this is her being resentful of her mother. Jo is also hurt as her mother has left her when she says â€Å"you like to leave me alone† she says this because she does not want here mother with her because she has hurt her. When her mother leaves she also feels unloved by her mother. Jo changes again when she meets Jimmy she becomes flirtatious when she says â€Å"I love you† and when Jo says â€Å"I can’t resist myself†. Jo also becomes coy when Jo says â€Å"it’s my school girl complexion† and â€Å"anything might happen† Jo also likes attention because she did not get any love of her mother. Jo also says to Jimmy â€Å"you enjoyed it as much as I did† she says this because she is getting the attention she wants. Jo character changes again when she meets Geof she becomes insulting my calling him â€Å"a big sister†. Jo also becomes cynical â€Å"it’ll always be number one by itself† and becomes frightened when she is heavily pregnant, she is frightened when she says â€Å"I don’t want this baby I don’t want to be a woman†. When Jo’s mother Helen comes back she gets rid of Geof this is when Jo is in labour and becomes less assertive when she says â€Å"are you coming back† Jo becomes resigned â€Å"by baby will be back† she becomes less assertive when she can’t argue back when she is in labour. Shelagh Delaney uses dramatic devices to show the changes into Jo’s character, the first one I am going to write about is Conflict and fights that take place between all characters; there are quarrels between Helen and Jo there is also quarrels and fights between Jo and Peter. When Jo physically attacks peter this is because he is taking her mother away from her. Helen and Jo have had another argument about Helens engament to peter. There is also conflict between Helen, Jo and Geof when they argue about the care of Jo. When Helen and peter are about to split up there is arguments’s between them. It is to avoid conflict that Geof leaves to avoid conflict as he is very selfless. In the play there is a lot of contrast there are love scenes juxtaposed with quarrels with Helen and Jo; Helen and peter and which Jo and Jimmy where they say â€Å"Will you marry me† and â€Å"I love you† and Helen shows love to Jo â€Å"why don’t you lie down† which is another love hate relationship In the play there are two very different people Jo is frightened, Critical, Determined and insecure; Helen is Selfish, bossy, neglectful, and disorganized. There are also 3 different men who visit the flat they are Peter who drinks, insults, and is homophobic; Geof who is bisexual, caring, supportive, and hard working; and finally there is Jimmy who loves, immature, persuasive, and reliable. In the play there is a use of music and dance, each character is introduced with some music can suggest aspects of there character the music gives a surreal effect and can help gives the time gaps in the play Use of dramatic unities is clear unity of place is shaven when everything in the play is in of near the flat people visit the flat, and leave. The only person who stays in the play the whole way thought is Jo. The unity of time is clear when in the play everything happens in a year Jo moves from a school girl to a working loving partner into a loving relationship to a parent. The unity of action is shown when the play comes full cycle. It is cyclical that Helen and Jo are alone in the flat and the cycle of deprivation continues but there is a new life on its way. Jo mirrors Helen in that they have both a failed relationship. In the play the use of language reveals the factors in which cause Jo to change; there are insults between the characters. There is also a use of expletives like â€Å"Silly Bitch† and â€Å"little bastard† and â€Å"sour faced old bitch†. The educated language of Helen shows her using impressive vocabulary like when she says â€Å"The only conclusion I can find in your immediate presents is your ultimate absents†. Jimmy also has an educated language as he has knowledge of Shakespeare. The social conclusions manifest aspects of Jo’s character. Poor housing is clear in Jo’s character; Jo lives in a small 1 bed-roomed flat and it has a shared bathroom with the other flat. The flat is in Manchester and it is by the ship cannel which is polluted; the flat is also by the gas works which smells, this means that the cost of housing in the area is low. Helen has a low income as she is a prostitute and Jo has 2 low paided jobs. Geof has a student grant from the government and he makes clothes for the baby as it is cheaper than buying them. Helen is a prostitute she properly became a prostitute because she might have had no money and she also had a child to support.