Animal Farm. Analysis

This summary is not available. Please click here to view the post.

Dodge Ram Quad Cab Advertisement :: Advertising Marketing

Smash Tough The creators of the Ram Quad Cab make the case that this truck is illustrative of the new Dodge. This truck is, as indicated by the creators, more agreeable and simpler to ride in than different trucks. Moreover, stacking and emptying individuals and payload is made simpler when utilizing their truck. The Dodge organization makes the case that their full-size pickup truck is among the best and backs this up with great proof in this commercial. At the point when Dodge says in their initial sentence that their organization is constantly open for new thoughts, they could be recommending that different organizations are not as ready to acknowledge change. They likewise suggest that they give individuals what they need and anticipate from a truck, bringing about the organization's prosperity. Inferring that their organization is unbelievable due to their notoriety for having incredible trucks, they show total trust in the way that their truck is better in its group. This Dodge Ram 4x4, as indicated by the commercial, is the principal broadened taxi pickup ever with four entryways, putting it among a tip top gathering of vehicles. Apparently the organization is so certain about its item that they even anticipate it will win a fourth J.D. Force and Associates in the forthcoming year. Notwithstanding the proof, Dodge even makes an intrigue to the normal man by saying that they make their truck roomier for the most part since they believe it's a darn smart thought, accepting that they are giving individuals what they have generally expected from them. They stress what a pleased organization they are a result of their numerous accomplishments and their commitment to the purchaser. The Dodge organization doesn't make their cases gently. They back up their announcements with solid help. One case of this is their statement that they have a large, much increasingly financial inside and a major, agreeable secondary lounge that help to isolate their truck from the opposition. Much additionally persuading is their true proof by J.D. Force and Associates, noted for their trustworthy investigation of vehicles and trucks, who positioned the Ram Quad Cab as the Most Appealing Full-Size Pickup for the third year straight. These realities, combined with an engaging and energetic image of the truck, attracts the peruser and makes him progressively keen on the item.

The Importance of Cash Flow Management - Free Essay Example

An understanding of effective cash flow statement and its further management is vital tool for the long term survival of an entity`s cash flows. It is also a key factor in planning and in the competent performance of all aspects of operations. The phrase revenue is sanity, profit is vanity but cash is king is an appropriate phenomenon that companies have to consider and embedded in their cash management strategy. It should be noted that profits are not an acceptable means of measuring and ensuring good cash flow, since it is not a major piece of cash flow management. Once cash inflows and outflows are received and money paid out are not effectively considered and monitored, corporations may possibly not be able to settle their employees and vendors on time. Hence, lack of good cash flow management could lead to companies inability to pay their bills as and when they fall due but yet these companies may have huge profits in their annual financial statements. 1.0 Background of the study Discounted cash flow analysis is widely used in investment finance,  real estate development, and corporate financial management. Indeed, a managers primary goal is to maximise the value of his or her firms stock. Value is based on the firms future cash flow. (F.Houston 2007 ,p.10). How does bank estimate that cash flow and how that cash flow will be used in future investment? The answers to both questions lie in a study of financial statement and risk related to transactions concerned with. Analysts describe the activities of a business in either operating or financial terms. Usually, to evaluate its operating profit, a business firm buys raw materials and combine them with actor as capital and labour to produce goods and services. Later on, the company will sell these goods or services to others at a higher price enough to yield return above the cost of the raw material, capital and labour used. In financial terms, the business obtains funds through creditors and owners, a nd spends them for raw material, labour and fixed assets. To see if a firms management has achieved its objectives, we must analyse the companys return and risk measures. Measuring returns consist of calculating profitability and risk measurement for the bank. 1.1 Overview of the company The creation of the UK largest retailer goes back to 1919, when John Edward (Jack) Cohen a retailers product line started selling surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London. The name Tesco originated in 1924 when he bought a shipment of tea from a Mr T. E Stockwell, from whom the initials TES come from and CO from Jacks surname. In 1929 Mr Cohen opened a flagship Tesco store in Burnt Oak, North London and founded in 1939 Tesco stores limited. Today the company is a public limited and employs 470,000 people in more than 14 countries, and is the UK largest grocery retailer and the third worldwide. In the UK: Over the next decade following its creation, Tesco opened more than 100 small stores, mainly in the London area. The company expanded rapidly across the United Kingdom. Started with the acquisition of smaller grocery chains including the nineteen stores Burnards chain in 1955, and has now, 2362 stores ranging from superstores to express and petrol stations. Since the 1990s Tesco has developed an aggressive marketing campaign in an attempt to overtake Sainsburys and become the UKs leading retailer since 1995. In 1992, the company launched is slogan every little helps followed by the Tesco Value range in 1993 and the launch of his loyalty scheme, clubcard in 1995. Today Tesco is the first retailer in the UK with a groups sales of  £62,537 billion, a rise of 6.8% and  £3,412 billion group trading profit (12.3% growth) Abroad: The Company is now present in more than thirteen countries since 1995 when it first expanded to Tesco Hungary to, the USA in 2007. Strategy: The Companys strategy has been revised since 1997, the year Terry Leahy was named chief executive officer. Tesco has developed a growth strategy, the one that was ambitious in its design. In the coming years, the company directed its expansion efforts on its core U.K. business, retailing services, international operations, and non food business. Store types: Tesco has Ex tra, Superstore, Metro, Express, Tesco.com. Store offerings: Food retail, Non food retail, Petrol stations, Home living range. Tesco personal finance: life insurance, pet insurance, home insurance, travel insurance, motor insurance, saving account, personal loans, secure investment bonds, online mortgage finder The company aims: This dissertation was dedicated to the financial area, especially to financial management and risk involved. The proposed title of this dissertation is as follow: How important is for manager to have a good understanding of cash flow statement in a retailing industry. 1.2 Aims and objectives The aim of this research was to evaluate the overall performance of retailing sector a case study of Tesco Plc being chosen by taking into consideration its cash flows and risk involved. The researcher aims to understand the issues related to cash flow statement and relate it to risk involved and how to improve the management cash flow. Furthermore setting some aims and objectives are of a high importance as they outline some targets, tasks, guide and thus facilitate the research process. Objectives Identification of the key factors included in a cash flow statement Establishment of the straight relationship between the cash inflow and cash outflow Identification of the element that affect (risk) the successful cash flow The areas in need of cash flow What are the advantages of good knowledge of cash flow analysis Recommendation of new strategies and techniques to improve organizations overall cash flow performance Rationale of the Study The essence of commissioning this research was to establish the need for the company managers to have a good and a deeper understanding of the cash flow statement. After having considered the rate at which corporations are faced with liquidations as a result of going concern problems. The dependencies of profit/ income statement for financing decision making by most businesses over the years have result to these corporations failing to meet the expectations of their long term objectives. With this study the managers would realise the importance of the role the cash flow statement plays in the organisations cash flows management status. The other annual financial statements do not through more light on the financing needs/ requirement and management of the entities. However, the cash flow statement provides more and strong indicators that assist corporations to know the strength and weaknesses of their cash flow generation approaches. 1.4 Significance of the study Cash flows information of a company is very significant element in providing users of financial statements with a basis to measure the capability of the business to generate cash and cash equivalents and the desires of the business to make use of those cash flows. The financial decisions that users (both shareholders and stakeholders) make depends an appraisal of the strength of the business to generate cash and cash equivalents by having regard to the certainty and their ability to generate those cash (Ramachandran, 2007). The cash flow statement deals with the consideration of information concerning the historical changes in cash and cash equivalents of a company and categories cash flows in to certain groups. This research will no doubt be a significant tool in financing decisions for managers, shareholders and stakeholders at large. 1.5 The Research problem In recent years so many businesses have had to depend on excessive borrowings from the banks, credit agencies and other financial institutions. Cash flow shortages result to increase in costs, due to interest companies need to pay on borrowed loans, late-payment which may lead to fines, and subsequently the discounts that could be lost for paying bills lately. Lack of cash flow improvements can compound these unexpected costs and could result to difficulty in accessing credit and unfavourable payment terms on some types of purchases. Eventually, corporations that get better in the manner in which their receipts of cash and payment of cash are managed would be more flourishing than their counter-parts. 1.6 Research question After identifying the aims and objectives of this study, the research attempted to answer the following questions. What is cash flow concept? How is it used in an organisation? What is the impact of financial statements when valuing the cash flow statement? What are the review conceptual models and theoretical fragments related to cash flow? What review cash flow statement used by Tesco? What are the risks faced by the company when evaluating their cash inflow and cash outflow? The overall impact on cash flow statement inside and outside the industry 1.7 The dissertation outline The study has been organised in a manner that makes it much easier to read and understand. As a consequence the outline is as follows: Chapter one: introduction was concerned with general overviews of the study by presenting the aims and objectives, the significance of carrying such research as well as some questions faced by managers when valuing their liquidity. Chapter two: literature reviews was applied as others opinion, what authors has writing and thinking about cash flow management. Chapter three: methodology was highlighting the different techniques and approach used to carry out our research so that readers and manager can have a Chapter four: data analysis was presented as the methodology used to conduct this research successful .it furthermore presented the chosen analytical method in accordance with qualitative approach chosen in this study. The data collected are analysed using a qualitative analytical method the methodology used to conduct this study has been discussed. in this chapter and evaluated in accordance with the theoretical framework established from the literature review. Chapter five: conclusions and recommendations 1.8 summary This chapter gave an insight of the research project by presenting the company Tesco plc which is subject to inquiry, highlighting the aims and objectives, and discussing the significance of carrying such project as well as the limitations. The subsequent chapter reviews the literature of direct marketing, discussed by prominent authors.

Social Constructivism And Its Impact On Regular Basis

People are often known to be storytellers, narratives are told about individual stories and what such experiences depict. Societies and cultures, generally, possess an understanding of past and future views in regards to conflicts, peace building or reconciliation. Similarly, organisational understanding and intervening of the culture comes from a concept of stories assisting organisational development on regular basis (Boyce: 1996). This view takes social constructivism, critical theory and organisational symbolism into account. Such stories form basis of management practices with varied intricate issues, but these help functioning of the organisation regardless of the challenges. This pragmatic organisational behaviour is a perspective’s consequence, but an interesting concept for present managers (Griffin: 1993: 27-42). Individual consideration of all involves the view of idea development within the organisation, whilst taken altogether, a more focused evaluation is provided for storytelling concept in an organisation. Therefore, storytelling could be briefly explained as a means of social interaction for a direct outcome (Wallis: 1993). The article hence, focuses on the understanding of such learning facilitator tools for critical understanding of situations in an organisation, such as Univision, causing not only organisational misbehaviour but also mismanagement. Reflection of experiences form basis of exploring unexpected outcomes involving both feelings andShow MoreRelatedLev Vygotsky Essay1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe psychology theorists of the past have shaped the classrooms of the present. There are many theorists that have affected the teaching styles of today and a theorist that has had a major impact is Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky’s work interests me much because his concepts and i deas encompass many of the ways in which teachers teach in today’s classrooms. The ideas he presented have contoured the strategies of teachers. It is interesting to look into the reasons why teachers have adopted some of theRead MoreResponsibilities of a School Teacher627 Words   |  3 PagesAnytime we as humans interact with one another we present a point of view. In learning theory, constructivism describes a way of knowledge in which we generate meaning by way of experience. This view holds that each student has a unique background, with unique needs, so becomes quite complex and multidimensional. Just as students have unique perspectives, so do teachers. We also know that how teachers view the world, how they think about problem solving, and what they choose to include and excludeRead More Effective Teaching Essay2056 Words   |  9 Pagesstudents can engage regardless of their backgrounds. Concerns specific to that lesson related to children not having regular acce ss to gardens and outdoor areas, a common concern with many high density suburbs and high-rise apartment blocks. The core of each activity is based around pedagogical questions to enable the entire class to participate, while still having a psycho-social element at the end, where students can add their personal experiences and relate the lessons back to their real lifeRead MoreAnalysis Of Eriksons Theory On Early Childhood Education1212 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Jean Piaget once asked, â€Å"Are we forming children who are only capable of learning what is already known?† With there being so many theoriest whose research and ideas have made an impact on early childhood education. Knowing the teoriests and the ideas that they had is vital in the education profession. Erik Erikson Hope is both the earliest and the most indispensable virtue inherent in the state of being alive. If life is to be sustained hope must remain, even where confidenceRead MoreThe Impact Of Training And Development On Organizational Effectiveness2072 Words   |  9 PagesThe Impact of Training and Development on Organizational Effectiveness Yvette Wilkinson Capella University 06/17/2016 Introduction: Overview Assessment of the Fundamental Competencies needed for the practice of Training and Development The fundamental competencies needed for the practice of Training and Development can be broken down into two separate areas that need to be assessed in order to understand the full impact of the two different areas. The areas ae foundational competenciesRead MoreDemonstrate Your Understanding Of The Teacher’S Role In1635 Words   |  7 PagesThe base of any nation and culture is established by preparing the human resource, mostly through formal methods of education, which eventually lends towards nation building. Due to its great ‘moral’ potential to impact an entire generation, formal education has always been valued by social institutions especially governments and civil societies. Thus, the role of a teacher came to be looked upon as a ‘noble’ one. In today’s changing global and local context, the role of a teacher poses unique challengesRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On The Media Influences Viewers1587 Words   |  7 Pagesfor entertainment or news is overly influential, persuasive, and authoritative. Through these characteristics, any type of information or message influences its massive audience. Because of this, what Americans see – or fail to see- has a powerful impact on how they view other races. Young children are especially vulnerable to the information they are exposed to. TV is a vehicle to provide experiences and information not otherwise available to them. Older audiences, however, are also vulnerable toRead MoreActor in International Politics2604 Words   |  11 Pages The problem of actors is one of the central, and at the same time one of the most controversial in the study of international politics and relations.  Indeed, one of the main criteria of international relations is the presence of re gular interactions between the social communities geographically separated by political boundaries.   In international relations, actors are those whose activity goes beyond one state and, therefore, participate in cross-border relations and communications.  InRead MoreThe On The Family System Of Cybernetics And The Influence Of Feedback2036 Words   |  9 Pageshighlighted in the case that include non-compliance to the medications prescribed to the patient, declining kidney functioning and cirrhosis of the liver, and challenges that are arising in taking care of the children from the social perspective. This report will carry out a social assessment of a patient suffering from these issues and will focus on providing a treatment plan and suggestions that can improve the present state of health of the patient. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy The techniques basedRead MoreConstruction of Positivity in the Indian Scenario3291 Words   |  14 Pagesperspective. The above study yielded a pleasantly surprising result—the common perception that we as a society are extremely negative and cynical in our attitude was found out to be completely untrue. Index Terms- Positivity, Positive Psychology, Social Constructionism, India I. INTRODUCTION Positivity refers to the degree to which something is positive or the quality or state of being positive. Positivity is that which accepts the world as it is, takes inspiration from it and sees the brighter

The Death Penalty Is Wrong - 847 Words

Many call the death penalty inhumane, and a large number of countries no longer execute criminals. However, the U.S. has kept capital punishment because it deters criminals from committing murders that place them in the position of the death penalty. However, the death penalty is wrong. No one deserves to have their life taken away by another human, even if they are guilty of murder. Death penalties are first recorded in the eighteenth century B.C.E. In the eleventh century C.E., William â€Å"the Conqueror† would only allow people to be hanged in cases of murder. In 1608, Captain George Kendall became the first recorded execution in the U.S. As the U.S. emerged as a sovereign nation, many questioned the use of the death penalty. By the nineteenth century, abolitionist believed that America had evolved morally and petitioned to have it repealed(DPIC). They had no success. Now, about 60 percent of the states in the U.S. have a death penalty, but some want it declared unconstitu tional. In court cases, though, the Supreme Court has upheld the death penalty as constitutional. The debate will continue. Morality is a big question when considering the death penalty. Ultimately, the moral question surrounding capital punishment in America has less to do with whether those convicted of violent crime deserve to die than with whether state and federal governments deserve to kill those whom it has imprisoned. The legacy of racial apartheid, racial bias, and ethnic discrimination isShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Is Wrong1321 Words   |  6 PagesThe death penalty is a controversial issue in Texas. People support it because they are unaware of the unknown facts. People believe that the death penalty guarantees criminals being punished and justice being made. However, there are innocent people who have died because of the hateful vengeance by the prosecutor seeks. There are many reasons as to why the death penalty is wrong. There are many ways of killing the defend ant after they have been sentenced to the death penalty, some of these includeRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Wrong !2056 Words   |  9 PagesThe Death Penalty is wrong!! Imagine Sierrah coming to court and hearing the judge say she is sentence to die. Imagine waking up every day in a cell waiting to die. There are no contact visits and she is in a cell 23 hours of the day by herself. She wait on death row for two decades until finally her day of execution comes. The guard comes up to cell twenty eight and says it’s time to go and takes her to the death house. She gets the last meal and says final goodbyes before being strapped to aRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Wrong Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesThe death penalty, properly known as capital punishment, has always been a controversial topic. People of the United States often find themselves in heated discussions over whether or not the death penalty is right. Some would argue the death penalty is right for a small percentage of certain crimes. Although the death penalty can be used as a tool of justice, I still think the death penalty is wrong because it goes against many American beliefs.   Ã‚  Ã‚   To begin with, the death penalty violates theRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Wrong1495 Words   |  6 Pagesthe people s security, however in what manner can those same people make certain that these laws are doing what they are meant for? The death penalty is contended to be a just punishment equivalent to the wrongdoing committed, but is it truly, if it means lowering others to turn into that what they are against. â€Å"Always I have concluded the death penalty is wrong because it lowers us all; it is a surrender to the worst that is in us; it uses a power—the official power to kill by execution—that hasRead MoreEssay on The Death Penalty Is Wrong1073 Words   |  5 PagesThe death penalty is absolutely outrageous. There is no real reason that the government should feel that it has the right to execute people. Capital punishment is murder just as much as the people being executed murdered. The is no need for the death penalty and it needs to be abolish ed. It goes against the Constitution which states that there will be no cruel and unusual punishment. There is nothing crueler than killing a person. A perfect example of the death penalty going awry is the state ofRead MoreDeath Penalty: Killing Is Wrong1044 Words   |  5 PagesDeath Penalty 2 Death Penalty: Killing is Wrong To many of us death is a scary thing. We will all die one day, but when someone else takes another person’s life we think of that as wrong in many ways. Killing is wrong. If you take someone else’s life in the United States of America you go to jail. Of course you must be proven guilty of that murder before being charged. It doesn’t matter where you live in almost every state, city and town if you kill someone you are looked down upon andRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Right Or Wrong981 Words   |  4 PagesMany people question whether the death penalty is right or wrong. Issues regarding the possibility of putting an innocent man to death based on faulty investigative work and a flawed legal system are often explored. References to the concept of lex talionis are made, wondering why rapists are not raped and sadists are not beaten in a legal system that kills killers. A killer takes another s life, liberty, or chance at happiness? Is it wrong to take the same fr om them? How can taking a life for aRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Wrong And Inhumane Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesto death is difficult to completely comprehend. The physical procedure involved in the act of execution are easy to grasp, but the emotions involved in carrying out a death sentence on another person, regardless of how much they deserve it, is beyond comprehension. This act has been critiqued by many people from all around the world and it is our responsibility as a society to see that capital punishment is wrong and inhumane. Some oppositions to the death penalty include racial bias in death sentencingRead More The Death Penalty is Wrong Essay1057 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The death penalty is absolutely outrageous. There is no real reason that the government should feel that it has the right to execute people. Capital punishment is murder just as much as the people being executed murdered. The is no need for the death penalty and it needs to be abolished. It goes against the Constitution which states that there will be no cruel and unusual punishment. There is nothing crueler than killing a person. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A perfect example of the death penaltyRead MoreDeath Penalty; Right or Wrong?2185 Words   |  9 PagesThe death penalty has been an issue that has continually caused tension in today’s society. The main discussion over this is whether or not the death penalty serves as a valid and justified form of punishment. We have reached the point where if the topic is brought up, extremists on both sides immediately begin to argue the matter. One side says increase in crime rate, the other says failure to discourage crime; one says failure to rehabilitate, the other says it saves lives; one says justice and

Raksha Bandhan free essay sample

Raksha Bandhan, (the bond of protection) or Rakhi, is a festival primarily observed in India, which celebrates the relationship between brothers and sisters. It is also called Rakhi Purnima in most of India. It is also celeberated in some parts of Pakistan. [3] The festival is observed by Hindus, Sikhs and some muslims. The central ceremony involves the tying of a rakhi (sacred thread) by a sister on her brothers wrist. This symbolizes the sisters love and prayers for her brothers well-being, and the brothers lifelong vow to protect her. The festival falls on the full moon day (Shravan Poornima) of the Shravan month of the Hindu lunisolar calendar. It grew in popularity after Rani Karnavati, the widowed queen of Chittor, sent a rakhi to the Mughal emperor Humayun when she required his help. [6] The festival is marked by the tying of a rakhi, or holy thread, which comes in many colors and designs, by the sister on the wrist of her brother. We will write a custom essay sample on Raksha Bandhan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The brother in return offers a gift to his sister and vows to look after her as she presents sweets to him. The brother usually presents his sister with an envelope filled with money however, other presents such as saris and clothing can be given. The brother and sister traditionally feed one another sweets. These sweets include anything from Jalebi, Kaju Katli, and Burfi. Since north Indian kinship practices give cousins a status similar to siblings, girls and women often tie the rakhi to their male cousins as well (referred to as cousin-brothers in regional parlance) in several communities. Unrelated boys and men who are considered to be brothers (munh-bola bhai or adopted brothers) can be tied rakhis, provided they commit to a lifelong obligation to provide protection to the woman or girl. [14] The chaste bond of love between a brother and a sister is one of the deepest and noblest of human emotions. Raksha Bandhan or Rakhi is a special occasion to celebrate this emotional bonding by tying a holy thread around the wrist. This thread, which pulsates with sisterly love and sublime sentiments, is rightly called the ‘Rakhi’. It means a bond of protection, and Raksha Bandhan signifies that the strong must protect the weak from all that’s evil. The ritual is observed on the full moon day of the Hindu month of Shravan, on which sisters tie the sacred Rakhi string on their brothers right wrists, and pray for their long life. Rakhis are ideally made of silk with gold and silver threads, beautifully crafted embroidered sequins, and studded with emi precious stones. It won’t be wrong to say the fashionable friendship band in vogue today is an extension of the Rakhi custom. When a girl feels a friend of the opposite sex has developed a kind of love too strong for her to reciprocate, she sends the guy a Rakhi and turns the relationship into a sisterly one. This is one way of saying, let’s just be friends, without hurting the other persons soft feelings for her.

The Art of Great Wall

The Great Wall of China, one of the world’s wonders and one of the greatest engineering projects in the history of the humankind is surrounded by myths and controversy which attract researchers and tourists all over the world. Preserved since ancient times, the Great Wall of China consists of scattered fragments which were built as the fortification lines but losing their defense value, are recognized as a historical and cultural relic.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Art of Great Wall specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Separate fragments of the Great Wall of China are more than 2, 000 years and the history of their creation is lost in centuries, giving rise to numerous myths and legends as well as debates of the historians. The construction of the first parts is dated back to the Warring States Period. The conventional view on the creation of the first fragments is that these fortifications lin es were the product of the struggle between Chinese farmers and nomadic horsemen at the end of the Warring States Period around 200 BC. However, there are scholars who oppose this traditional approach, viewing the history of this colossal project from a fresh perspective. For example, Nicola Di Cosmo considered the wish of Chinese governments to expand into the neighboring territories as the main precondition for intensifying the fortifications and building the walls. â€Å"Di Cosmo has pointed to an important shift in Chinese military strategy during the Warring States Period† (Slavicek, Mitchell, and Matray 20). Later, Quin Shi Huang who was the first emperor of the Quin Dynasty, managed to overcome his competitors and to unite China into a single empire. He is known for a number of political and economic reforms aimed at transforming the old China and strengthening the empire. Quin Shi Huang joined the parts of the Wall and extended it to a total length of 5, 000 kilometer s for the purpose of creating a formidable defense line in the north, destroying the old inner defensive systems such as the complexes of walls and watchtowers. â€Å"The giant wall would not only serve as protection against invading nomads but also stand as a symbol of the Chinese emperor’s great power† (Richardson 10). Only scattered parts of the original construction have survived till the modern times, and the precise length of Huang Di’s Wall is unknown. The majority of modern scholars believe that the Great Wall of that period was not less than 1, 500 miles as compared to 3, 889 miles of the present day construction (Slavicek, Mitchell, and Matray 26). That project of the Qin dynasty is defined as the First Great Wall, and the following projects of the Second Great Wall by Han Dynasty, the Third Great Wall by Jin Dynasty and the Final Great Wall by Ming Dynasty contributed to the original construction.Advertising Looking for research paper on art? Let 's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At present, the Wall is not used as a defensive barrier. â€Å"The Great Wall completely lost its purpose, both as a military defense line and as a national boundary† (Slavicek, Mitchell, and Matray 4). The last battle took place at the wall in 1938 and since then it has been damaged by the sun and wind. Within the previous century, a significant part of the wall was robbed by the local inhabitants who used the rocks and stone for building their houses. The government used the materials of the Wall for more ambitious projects and ruined it for building the highways and enlarging the cities. It was only in 1984 that the President Deng Xiaoping started the restoration of the Wall, recognizing its cultural and symbolic value for China and its people (Evans 8). Initially built as a fortification line, the ancient Great Wall of China has lost its defense value and became a historical and cultural reli c of the country. The numerous myths surrounding the history of construction of the Great Wall are preconditioned with the remoteness of the date of its origin and the lack of knowledge of the Chinese citizens concerning the history and the purpose of creating the fortification line. As an important historical relic and cultural symbol, this colossal construction attracted attention of historians, archeologists and artists all over the world. The first well-known associated with the Wall says that one million of people were buried in the wall for making it stronger. â€Å"To date, however, no bones, human or otherwise, have ever been found in the wall, nor are there official records that humans, alive or dead, were deliberately or accidentally buried in the wall† (Evans 11). This myth was reflected in Chinese poems and fairy tales, but can be explained as the misinterpretation of the claim that millions of people died because they worked hard on the project of the Wall. Anoth er widely spread myth is that the mortar used in the Wall was made of crushed human bones. However, there is evidence that the Ming dynasty used rice as a bounding element for the wall and confiscated it from the south population for completing the project. The majority of these terrifying myths are rooted in the draconian methods of exploitation of the workers which were implemented by the Chinese emperors for completing the colossal building project. Like many other military constructions, the Great Wall of China was innovative for its time and required combination of innovative architectural designs and defense measures along with hard labor of millions of Chinese citizens, the whole garrisons of soldiers and prisoners. Though the Great Wall consists of scattered fragments built in different periods of time and projected by different people, the features of ancient Chinese architectural style can be found in it. There are five major types of construction and materials which were used in the construction of this ancient fortification line, namely stone, brick, rammed earth, adobe and cliff.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Art of Great Wall specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rammed earth is the oldest type of construction which presupposed combination of wooden planks, clay and layers of earth. The samples of this construction can still be found in the present day Wall. Adobe walls were erected mostly in dry regions because the adobe bricks had to be dried in the sun after cementation. Though these walls could be easily eroded by rains, the accessibility and cheapness of the required materials were their advantages. Cliff walls construction means that the natural cliffs have been incorporated into the construction of the Great Wall. The stone walls have been popular among the Chinese builders for several millennia and were used mainly in the mountainous regions because of the a vailability of the necessary materials. The brick walls were used by the Ming dynasty and could be easily transported and modified. As a historical relic preserved since ancient times, the Great Wall of China can be regarded as storage of ancient Chinese culture and wisdom. The samples of rock art on the Wall are of great interest for historians and sociologists because they can tell much about the life of people and their system of beliefs. The architectural methods, military designs and constructions were really progressive for their time, making this project one of the recognized world’s wonders, a part of UNESCO’s cultural heritage and an important historical site. Disregarding all the myths and controversy surrounding the history of the construction of the Wall, its remains one of the greatest architectural projects in the history of the humankind and its art value is undeniable. The Chinese people are proud of the Great Wall and consider at least one visit to thi s important historical hub as their moral duty. As one of the colossal architectural projects, the construction of the Wall required sacrificing materials and human resources. Along with the lack of historical evidence from the times of its construction, the draconian methods used by the emperors for building the Great Wall of China give rise to numerous myths and scientific debates, however, not diminishing its historical and cultural value. Works Cited Evans, Thammy. Great Wall of China: Beijing and Northern China. Guilford: Globe Pequot Press. 2006. Print. Richardson, Adele. Great Wall of China. Mankato: Creative Education. 2006. Print.Advertising Looking for research paper on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Slavicek, Louise, George Mitchell, and James Matray. The Great Wall of China. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers. 2005. Print. This research paper on The Art of Great Wall was written and submitted by user Jenny C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.